Chien C. Lee

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Camouflage 177 images Created 9 Jun 2016

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  • In the Borneo rainforest, a leaf isn't always what it seems. Many tropical trees and shrubs have pale or reddish young leaves as part of a strategy to deter herbivory: the absence of green chlorophyll reduces their nutritive value. Here, an orange morph leaf-legged katydid (Eulophophyllum lobulatum) mimics this exact foliage type. This insect  has been found to have a variety of colorations ranging from green to yellow and red, an adaptation that probably makes it more difficult for their predators to learn a fixed search image for any particular color. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Few creatures possess a mastery of camouflage the way Madagascar’s leaf-tailed geckos do. This Mossy Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus sikorae) sleeps by day on a rainforest liana, its outline obscured by frilled dermal flaps that line its body. By always resting in a downward-facing position they may be able to quickly catch unsuspecting insects that climb up from the ground and also conceal their reflective lidless eyes from predators lurking above. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • In the Borneo rainforest, leaves are not always what they seem. Here, a beam of sunlight filtering down from the canopy illuminates an extraordinary insect. Officially described and named just last year, this leaf katydid (Eulophophyllum lobulatum) is one of two species in its genus on mainland Borneo that share the unusual wings and leaf-like legs, rendering it a marvel of animal crypsis. Although this male specimen is lime-green, females bear a striking pinkish coloration. Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Gaboon Viper (Bitis gabonica). Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania.
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  • Rough Horned Frog (Pelobatrachus edwardinae), male. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A master of camouflage, this rare stick insect (Trychopeplus laciniatus) is perfectly suited for its arboreal lifestyle in the mossy forests of Central America. It feeds exclusively on the foliage of several epiphytic orchid species. Cartago, Costa Rica.
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  • It can be argued that the perfection of camouflage is largely driven by the acuity of a predator’s vision. In many insects, such as among the great diversity of stick insects (phasmids), this selective pressure probably derives from the keen eyesight of insectivorous birds. Here, a female phasmid (Hermagoras sigillatus) from the Bornean rainforest performs a remarkable crypsis by folding her front legs forward, their expanded flanges matching together to form the resemblance of a decaying twig. This disguise not only breaks up the outline of her head (at bottom in this photo), but also conceals her antennae which otherwise could give away her disguise. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Translucent katydid (Lacipoda immunda), male concealing itself on the undersurface of a leaf. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The edges of this leaf-tailed gecko (Uroplatus sikorae) seem to blend seamlessly with the branch on which it rests. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Males of the Madagascar's Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus) can usually be distinguished by their elaborately notched tails, a trait which gives them better mimicry of a leaf that has been partially eaten by insects. Exactly why this is a sexually dimorphic feature in these geckos is unknown, but in some animals different camouflage patterns in males and females can arise where each sex spends their time hiding in different locations and thus face differing selective pressures on their appearance. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Males of the Madagascar's Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus) can usually be distinguished by their elaborately notched tails, a trait which gives them better mimicry of a leaf that has been partially eaten by insects. Exactly why this is a sexually dimorphic feature in these geckos is unknown, but in some animals different camouflage patterns in males and females can arise where each sex spends their time hiding in different locations and thus face differing selective pressures on their appearance. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Katydid (Aspidonotus spinosus), male. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Being as discreet as possible, a tiny Elongate Leaf Chameleon (Palleon nasus) makes its way across the forest floor at a snail’s pace, freezing whenever it feels someone watching. The adults of this species measure less than 9cm long and are at the small end of Madagascar’s chameleon spectrum. Their camouflage is a perfect adaptation for their specific habitat: the leaf litter of the rainforest floor. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Mossy Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus sikorae). Mantadia National Park, Madagascar.
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  • A nesting Common Potoo (Nyctibius griseus) in the dense mangrove forest of Colombia’s Utría National Park. Rather than construct a nest, the bird deposits its single egg in a small depression along a branch. Active only by night, potoos sit motionless during the day, using their incredible camouflage to remain hidden. Choco, Colombia.
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  • The shady understory of the Ecuadorian rainforest hosts a great diversity of butterflies that are adapted specifically for this dimly lit ecosystem. Although we often rank butterflies on how gaudy and beautiful their wings patterns are, among the most remarkable of the understory are those that bear transparent wings, such as this Glasswing Butterfly (Dulcedo polita). When perched under the right conditions they can appear almost invisible. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
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  • Hidden in the dense leaf litter of the rainforest floor, an Amazonian Horned Frog (Ceratophrys cornuta) lies in wait for its next meal. With a mouth wider than the length of its body, and a voracious appetite to boot, these frogs can consume prey as large as small reptiles and rodents. This species is widely distributed in the Amazon Basin, but nowhere particularly abundant. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Hidden in the dense leaf litter of the rainforest floor, an Amazonian Horned Frog (Ceratophrys cornuta) lies in wait for its next meal. With a mouth wider than the length of its body, and a voracious appetite to boot, these frogs can consume prey as large as small reptiles and rodents. This species is widely distributed in the Amazon Basin, but nowhere particularly abundant. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Borneo Horned Frog (Pelobatrachus nasutus), female, with Matang Narrow-mouthed Frog (Microhyla nepenthicola) - comparison between one of the largest and smallest frogs in Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The rainforests of the remote Marojejy National Park in northern Madagascar are one of the best places to look for the island's unique leaf-tailed geckos. In addition to their superb camouflage, most species, like this Uroplatus giganteus, rest head downwards presumably to conceal the revealing reflections of their lidless eyes from arboreal predators.
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  • Bagworm caterpillars (moths of the family Psychidae) are known for their habit of hiding themselves in a portable shelter of plant materials that they secure with silken threads, with each species having its own preference of design. This species begins with small accurately trimmed twigs formed in a 3-sided spiral pyramid, and adds additional larger twigs at the end as the caterpillar grows in size, in a masterful example of miniature craftsmanship. East Kalimantan, Indonesia (Borneo).
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  • Within the microcosm of a mossy tree stump, a tiny hidden predator lies patiently in wait. Still a juvenile, this praying mantis (Haania sp.) will eventually mature and shed most of its moss-like camouflage in favor of fully developed wings. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Without a single sighting in nearly 90 years, the Borneo Rainbow Toad (Ansonia latidisca) was considered possibly extinct and listed by Conservation International as one of the "10 Most Wanted Amphibians". The species was rediscovered in 2011 by a team of herpetologists from the University of Malaysia Sarawak, although it remains extremely rare and little is known of its ecology or behavior. This brings a glimmer of hope in a time of global mass amphibian extinctions. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • This Collared Nightjar (Gactornis enarratus), a Madagascar endemic, hides itself among the leaf litter of the forest floor while it sleeps. Placed in its own genus, this species is distinct from all other nightjars (family Caprimulgidae) by its plumage, eggs, and behavior. Mantadia National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Despoina spinosa, male, on leaves of Ficus sp. This katydid (family Tettigoniidae) sleeps by day on the undersurface of a large fig leaf, using its perfectly camouflaged semi-translucent wings to conceal itself from predators. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Giant Prickly Stick Insect (Extatosoma popa). Highland Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Endemic to the mountains of northern Borneo, the rare and secretive Dulit Frogmouth (Batrachostomus harterti) is known from only a handful of specimens and sight records. Like other frogmouths it is a nocturnal insectivore and by day sleeps motionless on a branch disguised as a cluster of dead leaves. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • With uncanny precision, this grasshopper (Chorotypus sp.) displays its mimicry of a dead leaf down to the finest details. Why do some organisms go to such extreme lengths for their camouflage while others can get by with a much simpler appearance? The answer of course is largely due to what they are hiding from: there is a direct correlation between the detail of camouflage and the visual acuity of their specific predators. In this case, the sharp eyes of small insectivorous birds, like the hands of a master craftsman, provide the driving force to some of the most eccentric insect appearances. Batang Ai, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Carefully sequestered on a perch not far above the rainforest floor, a Moyer’s Pygmy Chameleon (Rhampholeon moyeri) sleeps by night safely hidden from prowling nocturnal predators. Measuring less than 6 cm in total length, these are some of the smallest and most camouflaged in Africa – by day when they hunt for insects on the ground they are nearly invisible among the leaf litter. Recent research has shown that there is a surprising amount of diversity among Rhampholeon chameleons (26 currently recognized species), many of which are restricted to their own isolated mountain ranges. . Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania.
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  • Leaf-masquerading lappet moth (Gastropacha leopoldi). Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Feather Mantis (Toxodera fimbriata). Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Pulchriphyllium fredkugani, male. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Plutodes cyclaria. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Bird Dropping Crab Spider (Phrynarachne decipiens) preying on cockroach (Ectobiidae). Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Mossy stick insect (Taraxippus samarae), female. Limón, Costa Rica.
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  • Katydid (Tympanophyllum atroterminatum), male concealing itself by laying flat on the underside of a leaf of its food plant (Ficus lepicarpa) during the day. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Katydid (Hapalophyllum vrazi), female. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Ant assassin bug (Inara flavopicta), nymph with ant carcasses glued to its back for concealment. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Larut Bush Frog (Philautus larutensis), male. Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • With half a dozen species, Borneo is famous for its horned frogs. These are denizens of the rainforest floor and as such are expertly camouflaged for hiding among leaf litter. Most species rely so much on crypsis to avoid detection they have neglected other adaptations to escape predators, such as having weak legs for jumping. This is the rarest of the Bornean species: the Mulu Horned Frog (Megophrys dringi) which has only been known from a handful of sightings. This paucity of records is undoubtedly due to the remote locality where it occurs: high-elevation moss forests adjacent to clear mountain streams. Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The mountains of Vietnam are home to several species of amphibians which are perfectly adapted for camouflage in the mossy cloud forests. Perched atop a small leaf, this Tiny Bubblenest Frog (Gracixalus supercornutus) can easily be mistaken for a clump of moss epiphylls. Bach Ma National Park, Vietnam.
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  • A dead leaf mantis (Deroplatys cf. lobata) standing guard over her egg sac. Such behavior might enable her to deter parasitoid wasps from destroying her brood, a common threat for mantises. Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Katydid (Promeca sp.), female. Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Humpback Cyclosa (Cyclosa insulana). Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Superbly adapted for its specific microhabitat, this Bornean Bark Mantis (Theopompa borneana) blends almost seamlessly with the tree where it lives. These efficient predators hunt for insects on the sides of trees using their superb vision, speed, and spiny raptorial front legs. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Long antennae are an important sensory apparatus for many insects but they can be a hindrance when it comes to concealing yourself. Some species, such as this mossy stick insect (Antongilia lacinata), have given them up (having only short antenna) in favor of better camouflage, probably a good trade-off considering this insect isn't highly mobile anyway. Photographed exactly as found on a mossy tree trunk. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Leaf-like pygmy grasshopper (Holoarcus belingae). Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Mossy stick insect (Phobaeticus foliatus), juvenile female. Mount Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Bornean Oakleaf (Kallima buxtoni). Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • With forests full of keen-eyed predatory birds, many of Madagascar’s smaller creatures have evolved incredibly cryptic appearances to evade detection. In the case of this Ghost Mantis (Phyllocrania paradoxa), the remarkable leaf like mimicry serves also to conceal it from potential prey, which will be seized and eaten alive if they venture too close. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus). Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Mantis (Enicophlebia hilara). Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Rarely encountered due to their subterranean habits, Dwarf Pipe Snakes (Anomochilidae) are very little studied and are known from only a small handful of specimens. In addition to their bold coloration (which may serve to mimic venomous coral snakes), they also a false head on their tail to deflect attacks away from their true head. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Incredible camouflage of a neotropical epiphyll-mimicking katydid (Clepsydronotus deciduus). Ephiphylls are tiny plants and lichens that grow on the surfaces of leaves in tropical rainforests, usually being detrimental to their host because they block light to the leaves. Having selected such an epiphyll-ridden leaf, the katydid is able to blend with the mottled colors and rough texture to conceal itself despite being completely exposed on the upper surface. Notice also how the katydid has carefully folded its long threadlike antennae under itself – if they were to stick out then the insect could be much more easily discovered by sharp-eyed birds. Choco, Colombia.
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  • Camouflaged fulgorid planthopper (Episcius sp.). Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
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  • Dead-leaf moth (Oxytenis albilunulata). Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha, Ecuador.
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  • Perez's Snouted Frog (Edalorhina perezi). Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • The incredible camouflage of the Amazonian Horned Frog (Ceratophrys cornuta) becomes even more apparent when viewed from above. It is no wonder that these frogs are not strong jumpers; they prefer to remain motionless even upon the approach of a potential predator. Being sit-and-wait predators, they can sometimes spend several days staked out in the same spot, moving only nights of heavy rainfall. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Stick grasshopper (Paraproscopia aberrans). Looking much like a typical walking stick (Phasmida), these grasshoppers exploit a similar defense strategy but with the added bonus that they can jump away from a predator if needed. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Although cryptically disguised as a dead leaf when at rest, the Peacock Katydid (Pterochroza ocellata) packs a big surprise for its secondary defense. When disturbed, it raises its wings to expose strikingly colored eyespots, which can be enough to startle a potential predator away. This large katydid exhibits a great deal of intraspecific variation such that the wing patterns and camouflage of no two individuals are ever the same, and entomologists at one time had described over a dozen species that are now attributed to P. ocellata. These variations in coloration help to prevent any predator from learning a search pattern to recognize this species and its defense. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • In the understory of the Amazonian rainforest, a small piece of dead vegetation hanging beneath a leaf is revealed to be a camouflaged mantis (Metilla coloradensis) guarding her egg case (ootheca). Parental care like this in insects is a rare thing: it occurs in only about 1% of all species because as it is possible only for those which produce a smaller number of offspring. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Hidden in the dense leaf litter of the rainforest floor, an Amazonian Horned Frog (Ceratophrys cornuta) lies in wait for its next meal. With a mouth wider than the length of its body, and a voracious appetite to boot, these frogs can consume prey as large as small reptiles and rodents. This species is widely distributed in the Amazon Basin, but nowhere particularly abundant. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Stick Grasshopper (family Proscopiidae). Looking much like a typical walking stick (Phasmida), these grasshoppers exploit a similar defense strategy but with the added bonus that they can jump away from a predator if needed. Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Walker's moth (Sosxetra grata). Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park, Ecuador.
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  • While the majority of katydids masquerade as leaves, this species (Anaphidna sp.) takes on a different strategy: it rests with its wings raised in the air to mimic a lichen-covered twig. The long filamentous antennae of many insects, which can sometimes betray their camouflage to a predator and are thus often kept tucked away for concealment, are in this species deceptively disguised with bends and kinks. Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Leaf katydid (Typophyllum mortuifolium), female. Napo, Ecuador.
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  • Among the most cryptically camouflaged of all invertebrates, leaf insects (Phyllium spp.) are difficult to find in their natural habitat. Many new species have been described from Southeast Asia in recent years. This is a subadult female (P. arthurchungi) from the rainforest of northern Borneo.
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  • One of Borneo’s most elusive and enigmatic amphibians: the Bornean Lungless Frog (Barbourula kalimantanensis). Looking like the prize-winning stone from a rock-skipping competition, albeit with four webbed feet, this frog’s bizarre appearance is an adaptation for its aquatic life in fast-flowing rocky streams. Despite numerous expeditions to the region, less than twenty specimens have ever been found by biologists, making it one of the least known of all frogs. It is also the only frog in the world to be completely lungless, and is believed to absorb oxygen directly through its skin like the similarly-adapted lungless salamanders. West Kalimantan, Indonesia (Borneo).
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  • Madagascan Flexible-legged Spider (Hygropoda madagascarica), camouflaged on curved leave it has purposefully suspended into its web. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Hidden from predators and prey alike, a brown leaf mantis (Brancsikia aeroplana) is almost indistinguishable from the dead leaves of the rainforest floor. Once believed to be related to Southeast Asia’s brown leaf mantids (Deroplatys) this species is now placed in the unrelated Madagascan endemic family Majangidae; its cryptic appearance thus representing another case of convergence. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Net-casting Spider (Deinopis madagascariensis), at rest. Isalo National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Spiny helmeted katydid (Sasima sp.) from the rainforest of southern New Guinea. The bristly armaments on this juvenile specimen serve not only to deter predators, but also to disguise the insect in the mossy forest understory. Helmet katydids (Phyllophorinae) comprise some of the world's largest species. Digul River, South Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Dark Evening Brown (Melanitis phedima). Yunnan, China.
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  • Kuhl's Gliding Gecko (Gekko kuhli). By means of its large webbed feet and lateral skin flaps, this arboreal gecko is capable of gliding or parachuting between trees. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus), female. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • A well camouflaged tree-wrapping spider (Caerostris sp.) found in the rainforest of Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar. These spiders construct large orb webs to capture prey, but conceal themselves on a small branch when at rest. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Camouflaged moth (Ausaris sp.). West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Almost indistinguishable from the branch on which it rests, a Papuan Frogmouth (Podargus papuensis) perches motionless next to its chick. Like other frogmouths, these birds scarcely build any nest at all and rely on camouflage to escape the detection of predators. Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • This unidentified caterpillar which feeds on epiphytic moss, is camouflaged to look like its preferred substrate. Arfak Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Endemic to the mossy cloud forests of Papua, a Mountain Owlet-nightjar (Aegotheles albertisi) rests by the day in a thicket of vegetation. Biologists once believed that these strange cryptic birds (family Aegothelidae) were close relatives of the frogmouths due to their similar appearance and habits. Studies of their skulls has revealed that they are in fact more closely related to hummingbirds and swifts. Almost the entire family (7 of 10 species) is restricted to New Guinea. Arfak Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia.
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  • Some of the most noticeable spiders of the Southeast Asian tropical rainforests are the huntsmans (family Sparassidae); not only do they reach impressive sizes and are often colorful but because they don’t use webs for their prey capture they can easily be seen hunting in understory vegetation at night. Some, such as this Lichen Huntsman (Pandercetes sp.) are harder to find than most due to their cryptic camouflage. This female specimen rests atop her equally camouflaged egg sac which has been neatly woven into the fold of a dead leaf. Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Orthostheneboea exotica, female (Previously Parastheneboea), a moss-mimicking stick insect endemic to Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia.
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  • A giant leaf katydid (Pseudophyllus hercules), one of the world's largest, rests in the rainforest understory. Active only at night, they use their superb camouflage to remain undetected by predators during the day. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A confusing array of small Microhylid frogs occur in Borneo and it is likely that many cryptic species such as this one (Nanohyla cf. perparva) await distinction. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • An undescribed species of moss-mimicking stick insect from the montane forest of Sulawesi. South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • The rare and little known Rough Horned Frog (Pelobatrachus edwardinae) is endemic to Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Giant Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus fimbriatus) from Masoala National Park. Antsiranana, Madagascar.
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  • A study on perfection in mimicry: a Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus). One of 14 species of leaf-tailed geckos endemic to Madagascar, this nocturnal insectivore utilizes its incredible camouflage to hide among dead foliage by day. All Uroplatus geckos are under severe threat from deforestation and over-collecting for the international pet trade. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • A master of camouflage, the Mossy Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus sikorae) is almost completely undetectable when it is at rest on a small tree in the forest understory. Frilled flaps of skin along its body break up its outline, making it appear nearly seamless with the tree on which it rests. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • A master of camouflage, the Mossy Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus sikorae) is almost completely undetectable when it is at rest on a small tree in the forest understory. Frilled flaps of skin along its body break up its outline, making it appear nearly seamless with the tree on which it rests. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Short-horned Chameleon (Calumma brevicorne), female. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Superbly camouflaged, this lichen huntsman spider (Pandercetes gracilis) lies in wait for prey on the trunk of a tree in the Arfak Mountains of New Guinea. West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • The Great Eared Nightjar (Lyncornis macrotis) is one of the largest in its family, reaching lengths of over 40cm. Like other nightjars, this cryptically-colored nocturnal bird relies on its camouflage to remain undetected while sleeping on or near the forest floor during the day. North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Attending to its web only at night, the Twig Spider (Poltys elevatus) rests by day, tucking its legs and remaining completely motionless. Its bizarre elongated abdomen gives it the amazing mimicry of a shriveled petiole, allowing the spider to remain undetected by predators. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • When approached by a potential predator, these amazingly camouflaged leaf grasshoppers (Chorotypus sp.) align their flattened bodies with the leaf they are perched on and remain completely still to accentuate their mimicry. Kubah National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nearly invisible, this katydid’s (Arnobia sp.) patterned wings and profile match almost seamlessly with the corrugated texture of the leaf on which it perches. There is increasing evidence that some insects actively seek out substrates which maximize their camouflage, but exactly how they achieve this in a bewildering microcosm of varied colors and a range of predators that have better eyesight than they do remains unclear. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Stonefish (Synanceia sp.). West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • A juvenile leaf insect (Nanophyllium australianum) from the rainforest of Iron Range National Park. Queensland, Australia.
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  • Hooktip moth caterpillar (family Drepanidae). Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo)
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  • Flower mantis (Theopropus elegans), female. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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