Chien C. Lee

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Landscapes & Habitats 126 images Created 10 Jun 2016

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  • Sunrise and mist over virgin rainforest in northern Borneo. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • Dense mist often cloaks Borneo's rainforest at dawn, this being the water vapor rising from the transpiration of the forest itself. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A twisted liana winds its way into the canopy among the virgin rainforest of Tawau Hills National Park in northern Borneo. Home to some of the tallest tropical trees in the world, the forests in these hills is inhabited by a rich diversity of wildlife. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Stone forest at dawn: the first light of day brushes the limestone pinnacles of Madagascar’s Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park. Spanning 600-square miles, this vast and impenetrable labyrinth of knife-edged towers and slot canyons is an invaluable wilderness reserve; 90% of all species occurring here are found nowhere else on Earth.
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  • A clearing in raiforest is dominated by wild banana trees (Musa sp.). Ha Giang, Vietnam.
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  • Sunrise and mist over virgin rainforest in northern Borneo. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • A pre-dawn light casts a blue glow over rising mist in Sabah's Danum Valley Conservation Area, northern Borneo. Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • The steep upper slopes of Mt. Guiting-guiting on Sibuyan Island are composed of ultramafic peridotite rocks. Trees are scarce and the habitat is home to numerous specialized plants including two endemic Nepenthes. Romblon, Philippines.
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  • An aerial view reveals the thick mist rising from the canopy after heavy rains on virgin rainforest in northern Borneo. These forests often receive over 4000ml of rain annually. Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • Cloud forest is a widespread biome in mountains of Central and South America, where hot humid equatorial air rises into the cool mountains.  Here the humidity and precipitation are so high that the trees frequently become covered with epiphytic bromeliads and orchids. Henri Pittier National Park, Venezuela.
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  • Ptari Tepui, one of a large number of sandstone tabletop mountains in Venezuela. The isolated summit plateaus host their own biota of endemic species of plants and animals. Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • Udzungwa Scarp Nature Reserve. Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania.
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  • The steep karst formations of the Subis Limestone Complex of Niah National Park hold numerous large caverns, among which are numerous important archaeological sites. The presence of humans in Niah Cave has been dated to about 40,000 years ago, making it the oldest known settlement in East Malaysia. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Summit ridge of Gunung Api, the highest limestone mountain in Borneo. Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The limestone mountains of Mulu National Park are some of the highest and most spectacular in all Southeast Asia, having been uplifted and eroded by weather over millions of years. The famous 'Pinnacles' occur on the shoulder of Gunung Api, with the prominent Gunung Benarat seen in the background. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The karst of the Melinau Limestone Formation gives Mulu National Park its rugged terrain. These forests and caves abound with many endemic species. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • With its varied topography of limestone mountains and lowland rainforest, Mulu National Park is home to one of the richest floral diversities in Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Forest on limestone hill. Ha Giang, Vietnam.
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  • Aerial view of primary forest during a mass flowering event. Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Morning sunlight reaches the top of the Tsaranoro Massiff, an enormous 800m high granite cliff in southeastern Madagascar.
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  • Alpine grasslands with tree ferns (Cyathea tomentosissima) below Mount Trikora, the second highest peak in New Guinea
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  • Few habitat transitions are as abrupt as that of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas: when approached from the inland side, one rises quickly through a parched savannah of deciduous trees and cacti into a rich evergreen forest. Finally, at the crest of the mountains where the cool moist air from the Pacific rises up the windward slopes, the forest is suddenly drenched in dense cloud; here, the tree branches are heavily laden with mosses, orchids, and other delicate epiphytes. This enchanting habitat is home to the Horned Guan, Resplendent Quetzal, and many other remarkable creatures that are dependent on the cool moist forests. El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico.
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  • The Chocoan Rainforest along the Pacific coast of Panama, Colombia, and northern Ecuador is one of the world's most endangered rainforest habitats. It is separated from the Amazon rainforest by the Andes mountains, and is home to a great diversity of endemic species. Utría National Natural Park, Colombia.
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  • Cloud forest. Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Pichincha, Ecuador.
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  • Spanning nearly 7 million square kilometers, it is difficult to conceptualize just how vast the Amazon rainforest is. Here, the Tiputini River winds its way through a tiny corner of the Amazon Basin in eastern Ecuador, eventually emptying its waters into Peru, Brazil, and then the Atlantic Ocean nearly 3 thousand kilometers away. Having lost nearly 20% of its forest cover in recent decades, the Basin is still under siege today from threats such as mining, oil drilling, and clearing for farming. Despite these losses, much still remains intact and just as imperative as ever to continue protective efforts for these invaluable forests. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Established in 1991, Ranomafana National Park protects over 160 sq. mi. of tropical rainforest, a habitat which has been reduced to less than 10% of its original extent in Madagascar.
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  • Morning sun illuminates emergent baobab trees (Adansonia rubrostipa) in Madagascar's dry deciduous forest, one of the island's most endangered habitats. Despite receiving no rain for up to nine months each year, these forests are home to an astonishing diversity of wildlife, including Madam Berthe's Mouse Lemur, the world's smallest primate. Sadly, due to logging and land clearing, these forests have been reduced to less than 3% of their original extent, and now remain in only a few reserves along the western coast. Kirindy Reserve, Madagascar.
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  • The eroded Jurassic sandstone massif of Isalo National Park, southwestern Madagascar.
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  • The eroded Jurassic sandstone massif of Isalo National Park, southwestern Madagascar.
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  • Uplifted by the collision of continents, the jagged limestone peaks of New Guinea’s Central Range rise to nearly 5000 meters in height. The alpine vegetation of these remote mountain ridges and valleys are home to a rich assortment of endemic plants and animals, many of which are new to science. Highland Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Pristine coral reefs bordering white sand beaches and magical rainforest – it’s hard to get better than the remote Kwatisore Peninsula. Located deep within Cenderwasih Bay National Park, this oasis is connected to mainland New Guinea by only a thin ribbon of land. The rainforests here hold an abundance of birds (including several species of bird-of-paradise), but it is the incredible marine life that provides the star attraction. This is one of the best places to swim with world’s largest fish: the Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus).
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  • In one of the most magnificent remaining stands of virgin rainforest in northern Borneo, the Temburong River winds its way into the interior of the 500 sq. km. Ulu Temburong National Park in Brunei. With most of this tiny nation’s wealth coming from offshore oil, its forests have largely been spared from logging and oil palm plantations. Temburong, Brunei Darussalam.
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  • Setting sun and thundershowers over the rugged landscape of West Kalimantan, Borneo.
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  • Nearly a thousand kilometers from the nearest landmass, the islands of the Seychelles are distantly isolated at the western end of the Indian Ocean. Much of these granitic islands were once cloaked in dense rainforest, harboring a unique array of flora and fauna found nowhere else. Here, a grove of the Seychelles Stilt Palm (Verschaffeltia splendida) dominates the lower forest canopy with its enormous undivided leaves. Like many of the endemic plants it is under threat from both invasive species and habitat loss.
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  • At nearly 3000m elevation, this cold and wet montane cloud forest is completely draped with thick mosses. South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Lowland rainforest in Masoala National Park. Antsiranana, Madagascar.
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  • Lowland rainforest in Masoala National Park. Antsiranana, Madagascar.
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  • This pond amid lowland forest is a prime breeding habitat for many species of amphibians. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A wide swath of virgin rainforest cloaks the foothills of the Kobowre Mountains in western Papua. Indonesian New Guinea hosts some of the largest remaining tracts of primary tropical rainforest in the world.
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  • Parashorea malaanonan, buttress roots. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Eerie smokeless fires dance among fissures in the limestone rocks where ignited natural gas escapes in Tanjung Api (Fire Cape) National Park. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Large sandstone blocks litter a hillside at Payeh Maga in northern Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia.
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  • Batang Ai National Park. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • An increasingly rare sight, clear rocky streams are an important and indicative component of pristine habitats in Borneo rainforests. Sarawak, Malaysia.
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  • Giant Groundsel (Dendrosenecio eric-rosenii ssp. alticola) and Lobelia growing at edge of Bisoke Volcano crater lake. Ruhengeri, Rwanda.
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  • Sandstone cliffs on the slopes of Table Mountain. Western Cape, South Africa.
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  • An aerial view of virgin rainforest. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Large sandstone boulders and stunted elfin forest the summit plateau of Gunung Murud, Sarawak's highest mountain. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Rock gorges covered in False Spinifex (Triodia sp.). Karijini National Park, Western Australia.
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  • Terrmite mounds in Karijini National Park, Western Australia.
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  • The beautiful 3-tiered Takob-Akob Waterfall is located deep within a steep sandstone gorge of Maliau Basin. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Large granite boulders decorate the coastline at Tanjung Datu National Park at the western tip of Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia.
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  • A crystal-clear stream flows through the forest at Khao Nor Chuchi Wildlife Sanctuary.  These spring-fed waters which emerge from limestone rock are highly alkaline and contain high amounts of dissolved calcium carbonate. Krabi, Thailand.
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  • The seasonally dry savanna landscape of Rinca Island is dominated by Lontar Palms (Borassus flabellifer). East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
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  • Impressive trees of this enormous Fishtail Palm grow at the entrance of a limestone cave in Mulu National Park. These and many of the other trees growing in the vicinity have grown from seeds carried there by fruit-eating bats which roost in the cave. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A stream through lowland rainforest. Mulu National Park, Sarawak (Borneo).
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  • A labyrinth of wind-carved rock formations covers the tabletop plateau of Mount Roraima, one of Venezuela's most famous tepuis. Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • Sandstone rock formations carved by wind and rain. Amuri Tepui, Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • In the dense tropical rainforests of Borneo, plants struggle to compete for their share of the sunlight. As little as 2% of sunlight reaches the forest floor. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Although the canopy of the Borneo rainforest is bathed in the heat of the equatorial sun, as little as 5 percent of sunlight reaches the forest floor. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Noxious hot fumes escape from a volcanic vent on Mount Papandayan leaving behind deposits of sulfur. West Java, Indonesia.
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  • Dinding Waterfall. Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)
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  • The spectacular karst complex of the Sangkulirang Peninsula is the most extensive limestone area in Borneo.  This region is poorly explored but is believed to harbour a rich diversity of endemic plants. East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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  • A clear stream cascades down layered beds of sandstone amidst lowland rainforest. Samarakan, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Separated by the winding marks of game trails, African Baobabs (Adansonia digitata) dominate the semi-arid landscape of northern Tanzania. Manyara, Tanzania.
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  • Swamp forest dominated by Moriche Palm (Mauritia flexuosa) covers vast areas of the Amazon Basin. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • An aerial perspective of northern Borneo's lowland rainforest reveals the heterogeneity and incredible diversity of trees that comprise this ecosystem. Various flushes of reds, oranges, and yellows among the canopy as seen here are the first indications of a periodic mass flowering event during which as many as 80% of the trees may bloom simultaneously before setting fruit. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Deforested savannah in the central highlands of Madagascar. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
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  • Forest stream in Sinharaja National Park, Sri Lanka.
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  • Morning sunlight touches the forested crest of the continental divide in El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, southern Mexico. Spanning nearly 120,000 hectares in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, this reserve protects vital ecosystems in one of the most biodiverse parts of the country; it is one of the few places in Mexico where rare species such as the Resplendent Quetzal, Horned Guan, and Geoffroy’s Spider Monkey can be found. Although protected since 1990, the area nevertheless continues to be threatened by uncontrolled fires, road development, and landslides which are caused by forest clearance.
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  • The Chocoan Rainforest along the Pacific coast of Panama, Colombia, and northern Ecuador is one of the world's most endangered rainforest habitats. It is separated from the Amazon rainforest by the Andes mountains, and is home to a great diversity of endemic species. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
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  • Lowland rainforest in Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
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  • Spanning nearly 7 million square kilometers, it is difficult to conceptualize just how vast the Amazon rainforest is. Here, the Tiputini River winds its way through a tiny corner of the Amazon Basin in eastern Ecuador, eventually emptying its waters into Peru, Brazil, and then the Atlantic Ocean nearly 3 thousand kilometers away. Having lost nearly 20% of its forest cover in recent decades, the Basin is still under siege today from threats such as mining, oil drilling, and clearing for farming. Despite these losses, much still remains intact and just as imperative as ever to continue protective efforts for these invaluable forests. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Spanning nearly 7 million square kilometers, it is difficult to conceptualize just how vast the Amazon rainforest is. Here, the Tiputini River winds its way through a tiny corner of the Amazon Basin in eastern Ecuador, eventually emptying its waters into Peru, Brazil, and then the Atlantic Ocean nearly 3 thousand kilometers away. Having lost nearly 20% of its forest cover in recent decades, the Basin is still under siege today from threats such as mining, oil drilling, and clearing for farming. Despite these losses, much still remains intact and just as imperative as ever to continue protective efforts for these invaluable forests. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Oxbow lake. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • Cushion plant (Plantago rigida) among alpine Páramo vegetation. Pichincha, Ecuador.
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  • Hills covered with Traveller's Palm (Ravenala madagascariensis), habitat for Madagascar Sucker-footed Bat (Myzopoda aurita) which roost in the young unfurled leaves. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
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  • Grandidier's Baobab (Adansonia Grandidieri), endemic to highly seasonal habitats of western Madagascar. Morondava, Madagascar.
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  • Uplifted by the collision of continents, the jagged limestone peaks of New Guinea’s Central Range rise to nearly 5000 meters in height. Here, at the edge of the island’s divide, thick clouds rise from the rainforest plains of the south and push up against towering cliffs. Papua, Indonesia.
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  • Uplifted by the collision of continents, the jagged limestone peaks of New Guinea’s Central Range rise to nearly 5000 meters in height. The alpine vegetation of these remote mountain ridges and valleys are home to a rich assortment of endemic plants and animals, many of which are new to science. Highland Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • The incredible labyrinth of limestone islands within Waigeo's Kabui Bay. Lying on the northern edge of Raja Ampat, this region is home to the world's richest marine life, including 1500 species of fish and 75% of all known coral species. The islands themselves also host a diverse assortment of rainforest flora and fauna, including slipper orchids, endemic marsupials, and birds of paradise. West Papua, Indonesia.
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  • The highest peak in Borneo, Mount Kinabalu stands at 4095 meters in elevation and is an epicenter for biodiversity in the region. Here viewed from the northern side, the upper slopes are marred with landslips caused during the 2015 earthquake. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Grandidier's Baobab (Adansonia grandidieri). The baobab trees of Madagascar are such an iconic sight that it's easy to overlook the fact that some species are highly endangered. In addition to habitat loss, Madagascar baobabs have very poor seedling survival rates and young trees are a rare find. It is theorized that their large pulpy fruits were only consumed by now extinct animals such as giant tortoises, baboon-like lemurs, and the enormous elephant birds, which served to disperse the tree's seeds. Since some of these animals only disappeared in the past thousand years it is quite possible that the oldest trees existing today germinated from the dung of Madagascar's lost megafauna. Morondava, Madagascar.
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  • This lowland rainforest in New Guinea is dominated by large Licuala fan palms. Papua, Indonesia.
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  • Lowland rainforest in Masoala National Park. Antsiranana, Madagascar.
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  • Mossy cloud forest occurs at higher elevations on nearly all of Borneo's mountains. These habitats are characterized by high rainfall, frequent fog, cooler temperatures, and small trees which are covered with moss and a myriad of epiphytic plants. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Spanning nearly 8 million hectares, the Mamberamo Basin is a sparsely populated floodplain surrounded by mountains in central Papua. The vast expanses of swamp forest remain almost completely undisturbed, providing one of the last extensive habitats for many lowland species. Papua, Indonesia.
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  • Crystal clear streams flow from undisturbed rainforest habitats in the interior of Batang Ai National Park in southern Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Heavy rain falls over a small river amid lowland rainforest. Many inland regions of Borneo such as this receive as much as 4 meters of rainfall per year. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Rising mist spills over the forested plateau of Maliau Basin, a large conservation area in the remote interior of northern Borneo. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Terrmite mounds in Karijini National Park, Western Australia.
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  • A waterfall cascades through a red rock canyon in Karijini National Park, Western Australia.
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  • A waterfall cascades through a red rock canyon in Karijini National Park, Western Australia.
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  • Mixed Deciduous Forest during the beginning of the rainy season in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary.
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  • Dense bamboo forest along edges of Huai Kha Khaeng River, consisting mostly of huge stands of Giant Thorny Bamboo (Bambusa bambos). Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand.
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  • Virgin rainforest in western Borneo. West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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  • One of the many waterfalls draining the remote highland Payeh Maga plateau. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Large tree pandans (Pandanus sp.) dominate an open landslip on a mountain slope in Sumatra. West Sumatra, Indonesia.
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  • Exposed ultramafic rocks dominate the landscape of the summit of Victoria Peak in south-central Palawan. This mountain contains the most extensive ultramafic forest on the island and is an important site for many endemic species. Palawan, Philippines.
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  • A tannin-colored stream meanders through freshwater swamp forest in Sarawak. Trees with stilt roots, pneumatophores, and buttresses, are more abundant in this waterlogged habitat, which is frequently flooded by rains. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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