Chien C. Lee

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Mammals 178 images Created 9 Jun 2016

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  • The nocturnal blossoms of a wild durian (Durio kutejensis) are visited by a Cave Nectar Bat (Eonycteris spelaea). Although also attracting bees, birds, and other small pollinators during the day, the flowers of this tree open fully at dusk whereupon they begin to produce copious amounts of rich mango-scented nectar – an enticing draw for a bat with a keen sense of smell and an irresistible sweet tooth. With their ability to travel great distances and visit countless flowers in a single night, nectar-feeding bats play a vital role in the pollination of many rainforest plants. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Northern Ceylonese Slender Loris (Loris lydekkerianus nordicus). North Western Province, Sri Lanka.
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  • An infrared camera trap captures a male Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) on his daily hunt for prey in the Chocóan cloud forest of western Ecuador. One of six species of wild cats in this region, the shy and seldom-seen Ocelot is a predator of small animals including birds, rodents, and reptiles. Mashpi Amagusa Reserve, Ecuador.
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  • Deep within spiral of an unfurled Ravenala leaf, a Madagascar Sucker-footed Bat (Myzopoda aurita) roosts in safety. With its adhesive pads it is able to cling to the smooth surface of the leaf where even insects cannot find a foothold. In this way, Myzopoda are remarkably free of the ectoparasites which plague most other bat species. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
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  • A Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) swoops in to select a ripe fig (Ficus fistulosa) growing directly on the trunk of the tree. Rather than eating on the spot, the bat will carry the fig off to a favorite perch where it can dine in safety, thus helping to spread the tree's seeds. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A Hardwicke's Woolly Bat (Kerivoula hardwickii returns to its roost in a pitcher of Nepenthes hemsleyana. This recently discovered mutualism benefits both parties. The bats obtain a secure shelter safe from predators and rain, and the plants derive a significant portion of their nitrogen from the bat's droppings. Belait, Brunei Darussalam (Borneo).
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  • A Horsfield's Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus) on the prowl for food in the rainforest of western Borneo. These tiny primates are exclusively carnivorous, hunting insects, small lizards, and even snakes by leaping deftly through the thick forest understory and snatching prey with their long nimble fingers. Unlike most other nocturnal mammals which possess a reflective layer behind their retina to help with night vision, tarsiers instead compensate by having enormous eyes. In fact, this species sports the largest eyes in relation to its body size of any mammal in the world - these are locked in place and the animal is only able to shift its vision by rotating its head. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A Maroon Langur (Presbytis rubicunda) pauses for a break while munching on his chosen leaf. Endemic to Borneo and a few offshore islands, these leaf monkeys feed on a wide range of foliage and unripe fruits, traveling in groups of up to a dozen individuals. One theory regarding their distinctive bright orange coloration is that this may help to confuse some predators into mistaking them for a much larger and stronger Orangutan, and thus deter attacks. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The fox-like Fanaloka (Fossa fossana) is sometimes referred to as a “Malagasy Civet” but it actually belongs to the endemic Madagascan family Eupleridae. Furtive and nocturnal, it is the second-largest native carnivore on the island, preying on small animals that it hunts on the forest floor. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Rufous Mouse Lemur (Microcebus rufus), feeding on katydid. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Brown Mouse Lemur (Microcebus rufus). Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Brown Mouse Lemur (Microcebus rufus). Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Black-and-white Ruffed Lemur (Varecia variegata), a Critically Endangered species and undoubtedly one of the most beautiful of all lemurs. Entirely dependent on tall undisturbed rainforests, these lemurs are threatened by habitat loss and are suffering from an island-wide population decline. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Sri Lankan Grey Langur (Semnopithecus priam thersites). Yala National Park, Sri Lanka.
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  • Northeast Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio), adult male. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Although the blooms of this rare mangrove tree (Pelliciera rhizophorae) are visited by hummingbirds in the day, the flowers remain open at night and exude a strong musty odor to attract an entirely different animal. Captured by an infrared camera trigger, a Leaf-nosed Bat (Glossophaga soricina) approaches an open flower to partake of the rich source of nectar. Nectar-feeding bats are common in the tropics and are responsible for the pollination of a great number of tree species. Choco, Colombia.
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  • Smallest of all the anteaters, the Silky Anteater (Cyclopes didactylus) is seldom seen because it spends much of its life high in the rainforest canopy, often curled up as an indistinguishable ball of fluff. They have no teeth and can only defend themselves by means of their razor sharp sickle-like fore-claws, which are usually used for tearing open ant nests. Females bear a single youngster at a time, which is carried on their back until large enough to feed on its own. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
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  • Deep within spiral of an unfurled Ravenala leaf, a Madagascar Sucker-footed Bat (Myzopoda aurita) roosts in safety. With its adhesive pads it is able to cling to the smooth surface of the leaf where even insects cannot find a foothold. In this way, Myzopoda are remarkably free of the ectoparasites which plague most other bat species. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
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  • A young Sunda Colugo (Galeopterus variegatus) peers out from the embrace of its mother's membranous wings. When fully grown it will be able to glide great distances from tree to tree in their nightly search for edible leaves, flowers, and sap. Also known as Flying Lemurs, they bear no relation to true lemurs, and in fact are so unique that they have been placed in their own mammalian order. Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A Small-toothed Sportive Lemur (Lepilemur microdon) peers curiously from its tree hole in the montane forest of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Usually emerging only at night, sportive lemurs frequently wake to keep a watchful eye out for intruders into their territory. Not long ago only 8 species of Lepilemur were known from Madagascar, but recent molecular work has resulted in at least 26 distinct species now being recognized, with more sure to follow.
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  • A Northern Bamboo Lemur (Hapalemur occidentalis) in the foothills of Marojejy National Park, one of at least five species of Hapalemur distributed throughout the forests of Madagascar. True to their name, these small lemurs subsist on a diet that consists largely of young bamboo leaves, a remarkable feat considering the high cyanide content found in the plant’s tissues. It is still not completely understood exactly how these lemurs are able to survive on a diet so tainted with cyanide that it would kill animals much larger than themselves. Antsiranana, Madagascar.
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  • Lowland Streaked Tenrec (Hemicentetes semispinosus). Like a miniature porcupine, these indomitable tiny mammals protect themselves from predators by an armament of barbed spines. They feed on insects and other invertebrates which they find in the leaf litter of the forest floor using their long sensitive snout. All species of tenrec are endemic to Madagascar. Mantadia National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Verreaux's Sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi), crossing road. Popularly known as the ‘Dancing Sifakas’ for their remarkable hopping agility, few visitors realize that the dancing spectacle is in part due to the loss of these animals’ habitat: they naturally dwell in dry and spiny forests and only descend to the ground when they must cross a cleared area. Amboasary, Madagascar.
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  • Although sometimes weighing over 9 kg, Indri (Indri indri) can make impressive leaps from tree to tree with their powerful long hind legs. Largest of the living lemurs, this critically-endangered species is an icon for the conservation of Madagascar's beleaguered wildlife, and its wailing song never fails to enchant visitors to their forest realm. Occuring only in the tropical rainforests on the island's eastern side, the Indri's natural range has dwindled due to widespread deforestation and hunting, despite their traditionally sacred status. Tomasina, Madagascar.
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  • Goodman's Mouse Lemur (Microcebus lehilahytsara), feeding on the nectar of night-blooming Dombeya flowers. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • A large male Bornean Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi) is caught on camera trap as he patrols his territory in the rainforest of Danum Valley, Sabah. Borneo's largest cat species, the clouded leopard preys on a variety of smaller wildlife ranging from deer and wild boar to monkeys. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A view of a hanging Trefoil Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) from below reveals its remarkable face. The elaborate noseleaves help the bat to focus its echolocation calls, with the various parts shaped for different frequencies. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • After quickly selecting a ripe fig (Ficus fistulosa), a Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) makes off with her prize to dine some distance away at a safe perch, thereby helping to disperse the tree's seeds that will ultimately lead to fruit for her future generations. Figs reach their pinnacle of diversity in Borneo with at least 150 species and, perhaps more than any other group of plants, are considered keystone species of the rainforest because of the complex interdependences they exhibit with countless animals and insects. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Young Ring-tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) will transition from riding on the belly to the back of their mother after 4-6 weeks of age. Amboasary, Madagascar.
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  • The Maroon Langur (Presbytis rubicunda), also known as the Red Leaf Monkey, is endemic to Borneo and nearby Karimata Island, with several subspecies occurring throughout its range. Like other leaf monkeys they are almost completely arboreal and feed on foliage, seeds, and some fruits. Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • The small and nocturnal Sunda Stink-badger (Mydaus javanensis lucifer) is a relative of the skunks (family Mephitidae) occurring in Borneo, Sumatra, and Java. It feeds on invertebrates and small animals as well as tuberous roots. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nectar-feeding bats play an essential role in the pollination of many rainforest trees. Here, a Long-tongued Nectar Bat (Macroglossus minimus) arrives at the night-blooming blossoms of a durian tree (Durio zibethinus). Prized for its delectable aromatic fruit, the productivity of many durian plantations is under threat where the native bat populations have been killed off by hunters. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus borneanus), also known as Horsfield's Tarsier, is a small nocturnal primate occurring in the lowland forests of Sumatra and Borneo. They are carnivorous and feed mainly on insects, but occasionally take birds and bats. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Threatened by habitat loss and hunting pressure, the Crested Black Macaque (Macaca nigra nigra) is now listed as Critically Endangered. This species lives only in forested areas at the northernmost tip of the island of Sulawesi. North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • The rare and enigmatic Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis) occurs only on Sulawesi and a few neighboring islands. Adult males have four conspicuous tusks which are formed from their elongated canine teeth. Gorontalo, Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • This large male Northwest Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) is just beginning to develop cheek pads, a sign of maturity and placing his age to perhaps between 15 to 20 years. Batang Ai, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A Gursky's Spectral Tarsier (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae) perches outside of its tree hole roost. These tiny nocturnal primates emerge every evening to hunt for insects. Tangkoko Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Hardwicke's Woolly Bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) at a pitcher of Nepenthes hemsleyana (N. baramensis) where it roosts. Belait, Brunei Darussalam (Borneo).
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  • An adult male Silvered Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus cristatus) keeps a watchful eye out for any threats to his harem of females. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A Pygmy Loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) makes a meal of a giant stick insect (Tirachoidea sp.).  Although primarily insectivorous, these nocturnal primates will also feed on fruit, sap, flowers, lizards, and nestling birds.  Captive. Endangered Primate Rescue Centre, Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh, Vietnam.
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  • Bornean Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi borneensis), captive female. This is the largest land predator in Borneo and possesses the longest canine teeth of any living feline. It is a nocturnal hunter and has been observed feeding on prey as large as large as Proboscis Monkeys. Recently this species was distinguished from the mainland Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The newly distinguished Kayan Loris (Nycticebus kayan) differs from other Bornean loris species by a combination of morphological traits. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The endangered Bear Monkey (Trachypithecus vetulus monticola) is endemic the mountain forests of Sri Lanka. Central Province, Sri Lanka.
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  • A female Bornean Orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) with her young infant. Semengoh Forest Reserve, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi). Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Polynesian Rat (Rattus exulans). Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Although most people are familiar with the Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the scrublands and prairies of the southern US, it is originally an animal from tropical rainforests, including the Amazon Basin. This individual uses a fallen log to cross a stream during its nocturnal foray for insects and other tiny tasty morsels. Yasuní National Park, Ecuador.
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  • A Red-shanked Douc (Pygathrix nemaeus) munches on a handful of young vine leaves it has picked in the forest canopy. Although these endangered monkeys feed on over sixty different species of plants, they select their food carefully and in particular avoid sweet fruits which can upset the balance of bacteria in their guts. Like other leaf-eating colobine monkeys, doucs have large chambered stomachs – making them the only ruminant primates and giving them their characteristic pot-bellied appearance. Son Tra Nature Reserve, Vietnam.
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  • Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi), female. Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • In the coastal forests of northern Borneo, a young Silvery Lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) is groomed by its mother. Like many leaf monkey species, these highly social primates display brightly colored fur when born that gradually fades after several months into their adult coloration. The exact reason for this adaption is uncertain, but it may help in protection: members of the group can easily distinguish their vulnerable young at a glance, or locate them quickly in the dense foliage of the rainforest canopy. Another interesting theory is that certain predators such as Clouded Leopards, are red/green colorblind, so an orangish pelt may actually be an effective camouflage. Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Eastern Red Forest Rat (Nesomys rufus). Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Lesser Bare-backed fruit Bat (Dobsonia minor), feeding on fig. Nimbokrang, Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • With fewer than a thousand individuals remaining in the wild, the Critically Endangered Golden Bamboo Lemur (Hapalemur aureus) holds on to a tenuous existence in the rainforests of Madagascar. It’s discovery in the mid-1980’s was a crucial factor that led to the foundation of the now famous Ranomafana National Park – a reserve that protects over 400 sq. km. of tropical forest. Like other bamboo lemurs, it feeds primarily on bamboo shoots which, due to their high cyanide content, are lethally toxic to most other animals. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Southern Purple-faced Langur (Trachypithecus vetulus vetulus). Sinharaja National Park, Sri Lanka.
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  • Bornean Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus euryspilus). Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Endemic to the Bird's Head Peninsula of western New Guinea, the Vogelkop Tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus ursinus) has become increasingly threatened by habitat loss and hunting. West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • The Waigeo Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus papuensis) is endemic to a single island off the northwestern coast of West Papua. Closely related to possums, this is a pouched marsupial, spending its entire life in the trees where it feeds on leaves and occasional fruits.
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  • One of the world's most endangered primates, the Bornean Banded Langur (Presbytis chrysomelas chrysomelas) has been threatened by both habitat loss and hunting. Now, only a few isolated populations remain in coastal Sarawak, with an estimated total of just a few hundred individuals. They feed on foliage and fruits in lowland rainforest. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Smallest of all the anteaters, the Silky Anteater (Cyclopes didactylus) is seldom seen because it spends much of its life high in the rainforest canopy, often curled up as an indistinguishable ball of fluff. They have no teeth and can only defend themselves by means of their razor sharp sickle-like fore-claws, which are usually used for tearing open ant nests. Females bear a single youngster at a time, which is carried on their back until large enough to feed on its own. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
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  • Smallest of all the anteaters, the Silky Anteater (Cyclopes didactylus) is seldom seen because it spends much of its life high in the rainforest canopy, often curled up as an indistinguishable ball of fluff. They have no teeth and can only defend themselves by means of their razor sharp sickle-like fore-claws, which are usually used for tearing open ant nests. Females bear a single youngster at a time, which is carried on their back until large enough to feed on its own. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.
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  • Deep within spiral of an unfurled Ravenala leaf, a Madagascar Sucker-footed Bat (Myzopoda aurita) roosts in safety. With its adhesive pads it is able to cling to the smooth surface of the leaf where even insects cannot find a foothold. In this way, Myzopoda are remarkably free of the ectoparasites which plague most other bat species. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
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  • Nearly a splitting image of its namesake, a Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec (Echinops telfari) is a remarkable example of convergent evolution. All of Madagascar's tenrecs, which are more closely related to golden moles and elephant shrews, are descendent from a single colonizing ancestor, which has diversified into a variety of species to fill various niches. This particularly spiny one is native to the island's arid southwest, where it forages for ground insects much like the European hedgehogs. Toliara, Madagascar.
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  • Vogelkop Ringtail (Pseudochirulus schlegeli), one of New Guinea’s least studied possums, being known from only a few specimens. Like other ringtails, they are strictly nocturnal, emerging at night to feed on fruit and leaves. Arfak Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Weighing in at less than 1kg, the Ring-tailed Mongoose (Galidia elegans) is a quick and agile predator, feeding on a wide range of small animals and insects. Together with all of Madagascar’s endemic carnivores (in the family Eupleridae), it is believed to have descended from a single common ancestor that arrived on the island about 16-22 million years ago. Marojejy National Park, Madagascar.
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  • White-fronted Brown Lemur (Eulemur albifrons), male. Marojejy National Park, Antsiranana, Madagascar.
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  • Grey Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus). Kirindy Reserve, Morondava, Madagascar.
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  • Only distantly related to other mongooses, the Narrow-striped Mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata) is actually a member of the family Eupleridae and descendant from the same lineage as the much larger Fossa. Active by day, these small predators are endemic to the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar where they live in small matriarchal family groups. Having only a patchy distribution, they are severely threatened by habitat loss. Kirindy Reserve, Madagascar.
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  • A Trefoil Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) rests while hanging from a twig of an understory forest tree in Danum Valley. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A captive Bear Cuscus (Ailurops ursinus) peers out of a small wooden cage behind a village in Central Sulawesi. Listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, the Bear Cuscus is endemic to Sulawesi and a few offshore islands where it is restricted to undisturbed rainforest. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • The least known of all of Sulawesi's monkeys, Heck's Macaque (Macaca hecki) occurs on the northwestern portion of the island. Five other endemic species of macaque are distributed in different regions of Sulawesi, occasionally producing hybrids where their ranges overlap. All are diurnal and feed largely on fruits. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Feared by some, revered by others, the Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is surely one of Madagascar's most bizarre lemurs. Unique among primates, the Aye-aye's front incisors grow continuously like a rodent, leading to the early belief that they were some sort of gigantic nocturnal squirrel. Equally unusual are its long bony middle fingers which are used by the animal to tap tree trunks for the sound of insect grubs inside and then extract them like a fish hook. Unfortunately, Aye-ayes have become gravely endangered from habitat loss and persecution by people: they are often killed on sight due to the superstition that they are an omen of death. Tomasina, Madagascar.
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  • Like other langurs, Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus) are highly social and travel in cohesive groups numbering up to 40 or more individuals. They have a specialized diet, feeding almost exclusively on high-protein leaves. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Restricted to the Atherton Tablelands, the Coppery Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus johnstonii) is one of several species nocturnal possums that together inhabit the same montane rainforests in far north Queensland. Although all are folivorous and feed on a wide variety of trees, these sympatric species are able to co-exist without direct competition by partitioning their diets; each has its own specific combination of food plants. Queensland, Australia.
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  • Mareeba Rock Wallaby (Petrogale mareeba). Queensland, Australia.
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  • The Maroon Langur (Presbytis rubicunda) is endemic to Borneo and nearby Karimata Island, with several subspecies occurring throughout its range. Like other leaf monkeys they are almost completely arboreal and feed on foliage, seeds, and some fruits.  Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • A Long-tongued Nectar Bat (Macroglossus minimus) visits the flowers of a durian tree (Durio zibethinus) which open to release their nectar only at night. This bat, which is one of the smallest fruit bats, is an important pollinator of not only durian but many other forest trees. Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • This large male Northwest Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) is just beginning to develop cheek pads, a sign of maturity and placing his age to perhaps between 15 to 20 years. Batang Ai, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Although shy, the Bearded Pig (Sus barbatus) is abundant in the forests of Borneo, and its presence is usually indicated by diggings and wallows left as they forage for food on the forest floor. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The bizzare Naked Bat (Cheiromeles torquatus) is the heaviest insectivorous bat in the world and, as its name suggests, is almost completely hairless. It often hunts insects above the forest canopy or along rivers, but also occasionally descends to the ground to catch crawling prey. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A Gursky's Spectral Tarsier (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae) perches outside of its tree hole roost. These tiny nocturnal primates emerge every evening to hunt for insects. Tangkoko Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Borneo Pygmy Elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis). Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nycticebus menagensis. One of four species of Slow Loris found in Borneo. All Slow Loris are nocturnal arboreal primates which feed on small animals, insects and soft fruits. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei). Volcanoes National Park, Ruhengeri, Rwanda.
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  • Leopard (Panthera pardus), juvenile. Ngamiland, Botswana.
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  • Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa). Mpumalanga, South Africa.
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  • Slender Mongoose (Herpestes sanguineus). Mpumalanga, South Africa.
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  • Impala (Aepyceros melampus). Kruger National Park, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
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  • The Smooth Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) is the largest otter species in Southeast Asia, reaching up to 1.3 meters in length. Smooth Otters mate for life and hunt cooperatively for fish. Sungai Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Bornean Black-banded Squirrel (Callosciurus orestes). Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Whitehead's Pigmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus whiteheadi), also known as the Tufted Pigmy Squirrel, is endemic to the mountains of Borneo.  It feeds almost entirely on the mosses and lichens growing on tree trunks. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Fresh tracks of an Oriental Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinerea) along the beach at Tanjung Datu National Park. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Short-nosed Fruit Bats (Cynopterus brachyotis) roosting under a wild banana leaf. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Mountain Treeshrew (Tupaia montana) feeding at Nepenthes rajah.  Recent research has shown the the world's largest pitcher plant Nepenthes rajah is not exclusively carnivorous. Like the related N. lowii, this species attracts treeshrews by secreting nectar on the undersurface of the lid. These animals frequently leave their droppings in the pitcher, which serves as a valuable nitrogen source in their impoverished mountain habitat. Mount Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • With an adult size usually under 405g, the Pygmy Slow Loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) is the smallest of all lorises. It is strictly nocturnal and survives on a diet of insects and fruit. Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam.
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  • The Brown Spiny Rat (Maxomys rajah) is found in lowland rainforests where it forages for food on the ground and in low vegetation. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • A pair of Lesser False Vampire Bats (Megaderma spasma) roosting near the entrance of a shallow limestone cave. Named because of their superficial resemblance to true vampire bats (which are restricted to Central and South America), Megaderma are insectivorous and do not drink blood. This species sometimes attains a large size (nearly 35g in weight) and is known to occasionally take more substantial prey including lizards, small birds, mammals, and even other bats. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The Long-tongued Nectar Bat (Macroglossus minimus) is an important pollinator of many rainforest trees. Here it is feeding on the nectar of banana flowers. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The Long-tongued Nectar Bat (Macroglossus minimus) is an important pollinator of many rainforest trees including mangroves and bananas. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • This unusual pitcher plant (Nepenthes lowii) derives its nutrition from the droppings of the Mountain Treeshrew (Tupaia montana). The animals are attracted to the plant's copious nectar secretions, and inevitably leave their scat in the pitchers which are designed like a natural toilet receptacle. Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The Mountain Treeshrew (Tupaia montana) is active by day and feeds on a variety of insects and plant materials. Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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