Chien C. Lee

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  • Endemic to northern Borneo, the Black-and-crimson Pitta (Pitta ussheri) is a shy forest bird which feeds on worms and other terrestrial invertebrates. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Platycerium madagascaeriense, one of the most bizarre endemic plants of Madagascar. Like other staghorn ferns, this species is strictly an epiphyte, growing among the canopy branches of tall trees. It is becoming increasingly rare and difficult to find in the wild because of widespread deforestation in the wet submontane forests of the east coast. The unusual ruffled texture of the shield fronds is probably an adaptation to allow passageways for ants to live underneath – a relationship that is mutually beneficial for both plant and insect. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Rafflesia keithii. With blooms up to nearly 1 meter in diameter, this parasitic plant produces some of the largest flowers in the genus. It is endemic to Sabah (northern Borneo). Twin blooms such as this are a rare occurrence. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Although masterful visual predators by day, chameleons lack light-sensitive rods in their eyes and thus have poor night vision. Because of this they typically retire at dusk to a sleeping perch, often returning to a favorite exposed branch which ideally puts them out of the reach of nocturnal snakes. This dozing Two-banded Chameleon (Furcifer balteatus) can be identified as a mature male by the two large rostral horns on his head, ornaments which are used to compete for mates. Endemic to only a small region of Madagascar’s southeastern rainforests, this species has become increasingly endangered and rare due to habitat loss and collection for the pet trade. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Hidden from predators and prey alike, a brown leaf mantis (Brancsikia aeroplana) is almost indistinguishable from the dead leaves of the rainforest floor. Once believed to be related to Southeast Asia’s brown leaf mantids (Deroplatys) this species is now placed in the unrelated Madagascan endemic family Majangidae; its cryptic appearance thus representing another case of convergence. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • The Bornean Forest Dragon (Gonocephalus bornensis) is a large arboreal agamid lizard endemic to the rainforests of Borneo. It feeds on ants and spiders. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Only distantly related to other mongooses, the Narrow-striped Mongoose (Mungotictis decemlineata) is actually a member of the family Eupleridae and descendant from the same lineage as the much larger Fossa. Active by day, these small predators are endemic to the dry deciduous forests of western Madagascar where they live in small matriarchal family groups. Having only a patchy distribution, they are severely threatened by habitat loss. Kirindy Reserve, Madagascar.
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  • Only the male Wallace's Standardwing (Semioptera wallacii) possesses the highly ornamental plumage, females being plain brown in coloration. This species is endemic to Halmahera and a few offshore islands and is one of the westernmost birds of paradise (family Paradisaeidae). Halmahera, North Maluku, Indonesia.
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  • Endemic to the mountains of central Sulawesi, the stream-breeding Loka Flying Frog (Rhacophorus monticola) is highly variable in coloration. South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • This Collared Nightjar (Gactornis enarratus), a Madagascar endemic, hides itself among the leaf litter of the forest floor while it sleeps. Placed in its own genus, this species is distinct from all other nightjars (family Caprimulgidae) by its plumage, eggs, and behavior. Mantadia National Park, Madagascar.
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  • The shy Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) is a large megapode bird endemic to Sulawesi. They do not build nests but instead bury their eggs in huge pits dug in hot volcanic sand. The precocious young are able to fly and fend for themselves immediately after hatching. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • With its rough skin texture and mottled green coloration, it’s easy to see how the Mossy Rain Frog (Pristimantis museosus) is well equipped to blend in with the damp forests in which it dwells. This frog is endemic to the mountains of central Panama, a region which has seen drastic declines in many amphibians over the past few decades due to the introduction of the virulent chytrid fungus. Like other species of Pristimantis, the females of P. museosus lay large eggs that do not require water – the tadpoles transform into froglets entirely within the egg itself. This adaptation may have provided this species with some protection against chytrid, since the fungus most easily transfers among those species which breed in bodies of water. Nevertheless, this frog remains highly threatened and has disappeared from multiple sites across its range. Panamá Oeste, Panama.
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  • Nearly a thousand kilometers from the nearest landmass, the islands of the Seychelles are distantly isolated at the western end of the Indian Ocean. Much of these granitic islands were once cloaked in dense rainforest, harboring a unique array of flora and fauna found nowhere else. Here, a grove of the Seychelles Stilt Palm (Verschaffeltia splendida) dominates the lower forest canopy with its enormous undivided leaves. Like many of the endemic plants it is under threat from both invasive species and habitat loss.
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  • One of Borneo's most famous endemic mammals, the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is restricted to coastal swamp forests and mangroves. Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • With a mouthful of dry moss, a Whitehead's Pygmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus whiteheadi) pauses cautiously to make sure nobody is watching before disappearing into its nest in a rock crevice. Endemic to the island of Borneo, this tiny squirrel lives only in cool montane rainforests.
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  • Endemic to the mountains of Borneo, the Chestnut-hooded Laughingthrush (Pterorhinus treacheri) often travels in noisy flocks while they forage for insects and fruit. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nepenthes villosa, a high-altitude carnivorous pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tamboyukon. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • This pitcher plant (Nepenthes neoguineensis) is endemic to New Guinea where it can be found on lateritic soils near the coast. Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • The Borneo rainforest understory is home to a great diversity of fan palms, with nearly 50 species recorded. Many, including this species (Licuala petiolulata), are endemic to the island. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Summit vegetation on Mount Roraima, one of Venezuela's most famous tepuis. The isolated plateaus  on tepui summits host their own biota of endemic species of plants and animals. Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • With its fearsome clawed peristome, this pitcher plant (Nepenthes hamata) is one of the most spectacular and sought-after species in the entire genus. It is endemic to the higher mountains of Sulawesi where it grows on steep mossy ridges. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • A study on perfection in mimicry: a Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus). One of 14 species of leaf-tailed geckos endemic to Madagascar, this nocturnal insectivore utilizes its incredible camouflage to hide among dead foliage by day. All Uroplatus geckos are under severe threat from deforestation and over-collecting for the international pet trade. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Formally described in 2009, this pitcher plant (Nepenthes bokorensis) is endemic to the Kampot province of southern Cambodia where it grows on rocky montane plateaus amid scrub and short forest.
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  • The Three-striped Ground Snake (Pseudoxyrhopus tritaeniatus) is certainly one of the most beautiful of Madagascan endemic snakes, but why is it colored this way? Bold red stripes are frequently used as an aposematic warning, indicating to other animals of severe danger. It is curious then that not only is this species completely non-venomous but there are in fact no other dangerous snakes in Madagascar that this could possibly be a mimic of. An interesting theory points to the co-occurrence of large red toxic millipedes in the same forests – could these actually be a mimicry model for this snake? On an island legendary for its biological curiosities, nothing seems beyond the realm of possibility. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Producing the largest flowers in the world, the parasitic Rafflesia plant has no leaves or roots and lives entirely upon its host Tetrastigma vine. Each flower, which can take over 6 months to develop, is open for less than a week, during which it emits a fetid odor and attracts masses of flies for pollination. This species, Rafflesia pricei, is endemic to Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Schlegel's Asity (Philepitta schlegeli), endemic to Madagascar. Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, Madagascar.
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  • In addition to their gaudy dorsal colors, many Mantella frogs show striking ventral patterns – this may serve as a double warning of their toxicity when attacked by a curious predator. Although unrelated, Mantellas, which are all endemic to Madagascar, show remarkable convergence with Central and South America's poison dart frogs (family Dendrobatidae), and share a number of common features including skin toxicity (acquired from their diet, primarily ants) and diurnal behavior. This is the Harlequin Mantella (M. baroni) from the rainforests of Madagascar’s eastern escarpment. Mantadia National Park, Madagascar.
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  • The Earless Monitor Lizard (Lanthanotus borneensis) is endemic to Borneo where it lives in rocky stream habitats in lowland rainforest. Because of its extreme rarity (it is known from only a few specimens), its life history remains unstudied. It is the only species within its entire family (Lanthanotidae) and was once though to be the missing link between lizards and snakes. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nepenthes eymae, a pitcher plant with highly dimorphic pitchers found on the lower and upper parts of the vine.  Shown here are the upper pitchers.  It is endemic to the higher mountains of Central Sulawesi.
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  • Only the male Wallace's Standardwing (Semioptera wallacii) possesses the highly ornamental plumage, females being plain brown in coloration. This species is endemic to Halmahera and a few offshore islands and is one of the westernmost birds of paradise (family Paradisaeidae). Halmahera, Indonesia.
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  • Heliamphora sarracenioides, a carnivorous pitcher plant endemic to a single tepui mountain in Venezuela. Bright colors and the offer of nectar attract insect prey. Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • Heliamphora pulchella, a carnivorous pitcher plant endemic to several tepui mountains in Venezuela. Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • At only 12cm in length, the Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher (Ceyx fallax) is one of the smallest kingfishers. It is a bird of the forest, feeding on small lizards and insects, and is endemic to Sulawesi and a few offshore islands, although scarce and patchily distributed. Gorontalo, Indonesia.
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  • Endemic to Sulawesi and the Sula Islands, the Sulawesi Black Pigeon (Turacoena manadensis) inhabits coastal, lowland, and hill forests. Gorontalo, Indonesia.
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  • Ptari Tepui, one of a large number of sandstone tabletop mountains in Venezuela. The isolated summit plateaus host their own biota of endemic species of plants and animals. Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • Drosera humbertii, the only carnivorous sundew endemic to Madagascar. Marojejy National Park.
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  • Rafflesia keithii. With blooms up to nearly 1 meter in diameter, this parasitic plant produces some of the largest flowers in the genus. It is endemic to Sabah (northern Borneo). Twin blooms such as this are a rare occurrence.
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  • Nepenthes alba. This endemic pitcher plant grows only along the quartz ridge of the summit of Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia's highest mountain. Kelantan, Malaysia.
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  • The Palawan Peacock Pheasant (Polyplectron napoleonis) is a shy ground-dwelling bird endemic to the rainforests the island of Palawan, Philippines.
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  • The endangered Bear Monkey (Trachypithecus vetulus monticola) is endemic the mountain forests of Sri Lanka. Central Province, Sri Lanka.
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  • The Maroon Langur (Presbytis rubicunda), also known as the Red Leaf Monkey, is endemic to Borneo and nearby Karimata Island, with several subspecies occurring throughout its range. Like other leaf monkeys they are almost completely arboreal and feed on foliage, seeds, and some fruits. Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • Canopy Slug-eating Snake (Sibon canopy), a new species described in January 2023, endemic to Panama. Panamá Oeste, Panama.
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  • Pitcher plant (Nepenthes bicalcarata). Normally occuring only in shady peat swamp forests, this species occasionally grows in open heath-like peat bogs. It is endemic to Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia.
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  • The Sumatran Surili (Presbytis melalophos) is endemic to the island of Sumatra.  Like other leaf monkeys, this species is primarily folivorous, but also consumes flowers and fruits. Kerinci Seblat National Park, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
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  • Endemic to the Bird's Head Peninsula of western New Guinea, the Vogelkop Tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus ursinus) has become increasingly threatened by habitat loss and hunting. West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • Endemic to the mountains of northern Borneo, the rare and secretive Dulit Frogmouth (Batrachostomus harterti) is known from only a handful of specimens and sight records. Like other frogmouths it is a nocturnal insectivore and by day sleeps motionless on a branch disguised as a cluster of dead leaves. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • With his otherworldly plumage a male Wilson's Bird-of-paradise (Cicinnurus respublica) shows off his gaudy colors at a dancing ground he has cleared on the forest floor. Endemic to only two islands off the western coast of New Guinea, Wilson's BoP is surely one of the most bizarre in a family of birds already renowned for their exotic appearances.
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  • Short-legged Ground Roller (Brachypteracias leptosomus), one of several families of birds which are completely endemic to Madagascar. Mantadia National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Heliamphora pulchella, a carnivorous pitcher plant endemic to the summits of only a few remote tepuis (tabletop mountains) in southeastern Venezuela. Insects which fall inside are prevented from escaping by the downward-pointing bristles and quickly drown. Canaima National Park, Venezuela.
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  • A shy bird of the rainforest floor, the beautiful Blue-headed Pitta (Hydrornis baudii) is endemic to Borneo. Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • The scarce and seldom-seen Scaly-breasted Kingfisher (Actenoides princeps) is endemic to Sulawesi where it is restricted to moist montane forests. North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Once considered a subspecies of the widespread Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela), the Sulawesi Serpent Eagle has a distinctive plumage and is endemic to Sulawesi. Like other serpent eagles it feeds on snakes, lizards, and occasional small mammals. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • The rare and little known Rough Horned Frog (Pelobatrachus edwardinae) is endemic to Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • In the dim understory of the forest floor the color of this poison dart frog (Oophaga solanensis) seem almost too fantastic to be real. Like other dendrobatid frogs, these colors serve as a warning signal of their toxicity. This species is endemic to the coastal rainforests of Colombia. Choco, Colombia.
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  • Endemic to the summit of a single mountain in Borneo, the extremely rare Widow Slender Toad (Ansonia vidua) is known from only a handful of specimens, all of which are female. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nepenthes villosa, a high-altitude carnivorous pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tamboyukon. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The rare Forsten's Pointed Snake (Rabdion forsteni) is endemic to Sulawesi and known from only a few specimens. South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • With a maximum weight of just over one kg, the Sulawesi Dwarf Cuscus is one of the smallest in the family Phalangeridae. It is strictly nocturnal afeeds primarily on leaves. It is endemic to Sulawesi and a few offshore islands. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • The handsomely-proportioned Short-legged Ground-roller (Brachypteracias leptosomus) belongs to yet another of Madagascar’s endemic bird families, Brachypteraciidae. Patchily distributed in the rainforests of eastern Madagascar, it is a seldom-seen species owing to its habit of perching completely still and quiet for long periods of time in the lower canopy. They feed on large insects and other invertebrates. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • At only 13cm long and weighing less than 20g, the tiny and unobtrusive Madagascan Pygmy Kingfisher (Corythornis madagascariensis) is easily overlooked. These forest kingfishers hunt insects, small geckos, and frogs, which they watch patiently for while perched quietly on an understory branch. They are endemic to the forested regions of Madagascar. Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Nepenthes distillatoria, a Sri Lankan endemic and the only pitcher plant species occurring on the island.
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  • A male Whitehead's Broadbill (Calyptomena whiteheadi) returns to its nest where it passes food to the hungry chick. Both male and female care for the nestlings, providing insects and fruit, as well as removing fecal pellets. This scarcely-seen species is the largest of all the green broadbills (reaching 27cm in length) and is endemic to the montane forests of Borneo. Sabah, Malaysia.
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  • Pinanga rupestris, a rare lithophytic palm endemic to northwestern Borneo. Sarawak, Malaysia.
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  • Endemic to the Bird's Head Peninsula of western New Guinea, the Vogelkop Tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus ursinus) has become increasingly threatened by habitat loss and hunting. West Papua, Indonesia (New Guinea).
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  • The Black-sided (or Bornean) Flowerpecker (Dicaeum monticolum) is the only montane flowerpecker in Borneo and is endemic to the island. Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nepenthes tenax, a newly distinguished pitcher plant endemic to northern Queensland, Australia.
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  • At only 12cm in length, the Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher (Ceyx fallax) is one of the smallest kingfishers. It is a bird of the forest, feeding on small lizards and insects, and is endemic to Sulawesi and a few offshore islands, although scarce and patchily distributed. Gorontalo, Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Nepenthes argentii. With traps usually less than 3 cm in height this species is perhaps the smallest Nepenthes pitcher plant in the world. It is endemic to Mt. Guiting-guiting on Sibuyan Island, where it grows among stunted alpine vegetation. Romblon, Philippines.
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  • Nepenthes distillatoria, a Sri Lankan endemic and the only pitcher plant species occurring on the island.
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  • Scorpion (Chaerilus borneensis), a Bornean endemic. Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Known from only a handful of sightings and photos, the elusive Spectacled Flowerpecker (Dicaeum dayakorum) is the first new endemic bird discovered in Borneo in over 100 years.
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  • The tiny Obscure Bush Frog (Philautus tectus) is endemic to Borneo where it can be found near small streams and seeps in lowland rainforest. This species has been listed as Vulnerable because it is limited to small scattered populations, many of which have been lost due to land development. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Nepenthes macrophylla. This rare montane pitcher plant is endemic only to the summit of Gunung Trusmadi, Malaysia's second highest mountain. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Once considered one of the three most elusive birds in the world, the Long-tailed Ground Roller (Uratelornis chimaera) is a prized sighting for any birdwatcher. The entire family of Ground Rollers (Brachypteraciidae, 5 species) is endemic to Madagascr, but while most are inhabitants of rainforest, this is the only species found in in the arid spiny desert of the island’s extreme southwest. Even within this region it has as very restricted distribution and occurs at low densities, with only a few birds per square kilometer. Adapted for running swiftly on the ground with their powerful legs, these birds hunt for insects and small animals in the sand and leaf-litter. Toliara, Madagascar.
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  • One of the most beautiful of all pitcher plants, Nepenthes edwardsiana produces enormous cylindrical pitchers which are strikingly colored. It is endemic to the Mount Kinabalu region in northern Borneo.
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  • The least known of all of Sulawesi's monkeys, Heck's Macaque (Macaca hecki) occurs on the northwestern portion of the island. Five other endemic species of macaque are distributed in different regions of Sulawesi, occasionally producing hybrids where their ranges overlap. All are diurnal and feed largely on fruits. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Whitehead's Pigmy Squirrel (Exilisciurus whiteheadi), also known as the Tufted Pigmy Squirrel, is endemic to the mountains of Borneo.  It feeds almost entirely on the mosses and lichens growing on tree trunks. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • The least known of all of Sulawesi's monkeys, Heck's Macaque occurs on the northwestern portion of the island. Five other endemic species of macaque are distributed in different regions of Sulawesi, occasionally producing hybrids where their ranges overlap. All are diurnal and feed largely on fruits. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Grandidier's Baobab (Adansonia grandidieri), endemic to highly seasonal habitats of western Madagascar. Morondava, Madagascar.
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  • Baron's Mantella (Mantella baroni). Like little jewels of the forest floor, the wonderfully colorful Mantella frogs (family Mantellidae) comprise 16 known species, all of which are endemic to Madagascar. Although unrelated, Mantellas show remarkable convergence with Central and South America's poison dart frogs (family Dendrobatidae), and share a number of common features including skin toxicity (acquired from their diet, primarily ants), diurnal behavior, and bright warning colorations. Mantadia National Park, Madagascar.
    cld1509017.jpg
  • The least known of all of Sulawesi's monkeys, Heck's Macaque occurs on the northwestern portion of the island. Five other endemic species of macaque are distributed in different regions of Sulawesi, occasionally producing hybrids where their ranges overlap. All are diurnal and feed largely on fruits. Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • The Crested Black Macaque (Macaca nigra nigra) is one of four monkey species endemic to Sulawesi.  They are sometimes wrongly referred to as apes because their tail is extremely small and difficult to see.  They travel mostly on the ground in large groups of up to nearly 100 individuals. North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • The Earless Monitor Lizard (Lanthanotus borneensis) is endemic to Borneo where it lives in rocky stream habitats in lowland rainforest. Because of its extreme rarity (it is known from only a few specimens), its life history remains unstudied. It is the only species within its entire family (Lanthanotidae) but it is related to the true monitor lizards (Varanidae). Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Endemic to the mountains of northern Borneo, the rare and secretive Dulit Frogmouth (Batrachostomus harterti) is known from only a handful of specimens and sight records. Like other frogmouths it is a nocturnal insectivore and by day sleeps motionless on a branch disguised as a cluster of dead leaves. Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
    cld1403587.jpg
  • The Earless Monitor Lizard (Lanthanotus borneensis) is endemic to Borneo where it lives in rocky stream habitats in lowland rainforest. Because of its extreme rarity (it is known from only a few specimens), its life history remains unstudied. It is the only species within its entire family (Lanthanotidae) but it is related to the true monitor lizards (Varanidae). Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Green-backed Kingfisher (Actenoides monachus), endemic to Sulawesi. Tangkoko Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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  • Nepenthes hamata.  Given the right conditions, many species of Nepenthes have the capacity to sprout aerial rosettes on their climbing stems, so that the pitchers are suspended in mid-air.  This species is endemic to the mountains of Sulawesi.
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  • The toilet-shaped upper pitchers of this carnivorous pitcher plant (Nepenthes jamban) are exceedingly funnel-shaped and filled with a thick mucilaginous liquid which may aid in prey capture. It is endemic to a single mountain in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
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  • Aphiocephalus guerini. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Ankafana Bright-eyed Frog (Boophis luteus), male. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Boophis luciae, amplexing pair. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • This female Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher (Corythornis madagascariensis) has just been gifted a small lizard (Madascincus melanopleura) by her mate as part of a courtship ritual. Despite their name, these birds are not dependent on water, and typically hunt for insects and small vertebrates on the forest floor. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Pitta-like Ground-roller (Atelornis pittoides) with earthworm. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • The mimicry of a dead leaf is so precise for the Satanic Leaf-tailed Gecko (Uroplatus phantasticus), they can often hide effectively in plain sight. It has been untested to what degree these geckos actively select a substrate that matches their individual patterns, but U. phantasticus appears to typically hide among dead foliage which suits it perfectly. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Tree frog (Boophis tasymena), male. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Boulenger's Digging Frog (Plethodontohyla inguinalis). Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • Borneo Necklaced Partridge (Tropicoperdix graydoni), considered by some to be a subspecies of Chestnut-necklaced Partridge (Tropicoperdix charltonii) from mainland Southeast Asia. Sabah, Malaysia (Borneo).
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  • Cryptic Chameleon (Calumma crypticum), male. Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.
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  • A sleeping Short-horned Chameleon (Calumma brevicorne) wakes too slowly to react in time when an unaware spider clambers over its face. Andasibe, Madagascar.
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  • Deep within spiral of an unfurled Ravenala leaf, a Madagascar Sucker-footed Bat (Myzopoda aurita) roosts in safety. With its adhesive pads it is able to cling to the smooth surface of the leaf where even insects cannot find a foothold. In this way, Myzopoda are remarkably free of the ectoparasites which plague most other bat species. Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
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